{"id":1713,"date":"2025-04-04T22:51:54","date_gmt":"2025-04-04T22:51:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/surgerycare-recoverygdl.com.mx\/?p=1713"},"modified":"2025-04-23T20:00:40","modified_gmt":"2025-04-23T20:00:40","slug":"stem-cell-treatment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/surgerycare-recoverygdl.com.mx\/en\/stem-cell-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Stem cell treatment."},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The new frontier and medical innovation in recovery and health.<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">The Future of Stem Cell Treatments for various human ailments.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AMI is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<br \/>\nMSCs have regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties that can help repair damaged heart tissue and improve cardiac function.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell source<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs derived from bone marrow or adipose tissue are generally used.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/stemcellres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13287-020-02108-5?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PMC+33BioMed Central+33PMC+33<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Cells are isolated, expanded in culture and administered by intracoronary or intravenous injection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies by clinical trial; commonly 10^6 to 10^8 cells per infusion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: No specific contraindications have been established, but caution is recommended in patients with a history of malignant neoplasms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Studies have reported that MSCs are generally safe, with few serious adverse events related to therapy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Miao, C., Lei, M., Hu, W., Han, S., Wang, Q., &amp; Aung, L. H. H. (2015). Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Therapy of Cardiac Disease. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International Journal of Molecular Sciences<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 16(8), 17955-17980<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms160817955\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms160817955.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Knee Osteoarthritis<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<br \/>\nOsteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that causes pain, swelling and decreased mobility, commonly affecting the knee.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<br \/>\nMSCs can differentiate into chondrocytes and have anti-inflammatory effects, which may contribute to cartilage regeneration and symptom relief.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue or umbilical cord.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Management details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The cells are isolated, expanded and administered by intra-articular injection into the affected knee.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Doses vary; some studies use between 10^6 and 10^7 cells per injection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: No specific contraindications have been identified, but prior medical evaluation is recommended.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Adverse effects detected<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Generally well tolerated; mild adverse events such as transient injection site pain have been reported.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bari, E., Perteghella, S., Piccinini, F., Sorlini, M., &amp; Conti, M. (2023). Clinical Trials with Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies for Osteoarthritis: State of the Art and New Insights. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International Journal of Molecular Sciences<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 24(3), 2860<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24032860\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24032860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24032860.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Multiple Sclerosis (MS)<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<br \/>\nMS is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that causes inflammation, demyelination and neuronal damage, resulting in progressive disability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<br \/>\nMSCs possess immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties that may help reduce inflammation and promote nerve tissue repair.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs derived from bone marrow or adipose tissue.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Cells are administered intravenously or intrathecally, depending on the trial protocol.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies; some studies administer between 10^6 and 10^8 cells per infusion, in one or several sessions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Caution in patients with active infections or history of cancer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Adverse effects detected<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Generally well tolerated; mild adverse effects such as headache and transient fever have been reported.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uccelli, A., Laroni, A., &amp; Freedman, M. S. (2023). Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neurotherapeutics<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 20(1), 1-17<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-022-01300-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-022-01300-7.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD)<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<br \/>\nGVHD is a serious complication that can occur after allogeneic bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this condition, the donor&#8217;s immune cells attack the recipient&#8217;s tissues, mainly affecting the skin, liver and gastrointestinal tract.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<br \/>\nMSCs possess immunomodulatory properties that can suppress the overactive immune response characteristic of GVHD, promoting immune tolerance and reducing tissue inflammation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs derived from bone marrow or adipose tissue.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated from the donor, expanded in culture and administered to the patient by intravenous infusion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies according to clinical trial protocol; commonly 1 to 2 million cells per kilogram of body weight are administered, repeated according to patient response.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: No specific absolute contraindications have been identified, but caution is recommended in patients with active infections or a history of malignant neoplasms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Adverse effects detected<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Clinical trials have reported that MSCs therapy is generally safe; however, adverse effects such as transient fever and, in rare cases, thromboembolic events have been observed.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Benefits observed in clinical trials: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Phase II and III trials showed complete or partial response rates above 60% in steroid-refractory GvHD.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Description of the therapeutic procedure:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Method of application: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">intravenous infusion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cell preparation: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">allogeneic MSCs (e.g. Prochymal\u00ae).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dosage: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2 million cells\/kg per week for 4 weeks.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Galipeau, J., &amp; Sens\u00e9b\u00e9, L. (2018). Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Clinical Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cell Stem Cell<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 22(6), 824-833. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stem.2018.05.004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stem.2018.05.004<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1934590918302224?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ScienceDirect.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<br \/>\nSCI is damage to the spinal cord resulting in partial or complete loss of sensory and motor function below the level of injury, significantly affecting the patient&#8217;s quality of life.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<br \/>\nMSCs have neuroprotective potential and promote neuronal regeneration, which may contribute to the repair of damaged nerve tissue and functional recovery.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs derived from bone marrow or adipose tissue.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Cells are isolated, expanded in culture and administered intrathecally or intravenously, depending on the assay protocol.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies; some studies administer between 10 and 100 million cells per infusion, in one or several sessions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Caution should be exercised in patients with active infections or a history of central nervous system tumors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Adverse effects detected<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Generally well tolerated; mild adverse effects such as headache and transient fever have been reported.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Silva, N. A., Sousa, N., Reis, R. L., &amp; Salgado, A. J. (2014). From basics to clinical: a comprehensive review on spinal cord injury. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Progress in Neurobiology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 114, 25-57<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.11.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.11.002.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Liver Cirrhosis<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<br \/>\nCirrhosis of the liver is a chronic disease characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue with fibrosis, leading to progressive loss of liver function. It is the result of various liver conditions, such as viral hepatitis, excessive alcohol consumption and metabolic diseases.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<br \/>\nMSCs possess antifibrotic, immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. They can differentiate into hepatocytes and secrete factors that promote regeneration of damaged liver tissue, as well as modulate the inflammatory response and reduce fibrosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell source<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) have been used in clinical studies to treat liver cirrhosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated from the corresponding tissue, expanded in culture under controlled conditions and administered to the patient by intravenous or intrahepatic infusion, depending on the study protocol.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The dose administered varies between studies; commonly between 0.5 and 2.0 \u00d7 10^8 cells are infused per session. The frequency and number of sessions depend on the specific clinical trial design.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Although MSCs have shown a favorable safety profile, caution is advised in patients with a history of malignant neoplasms, due to theoretical concerns about promoting tumor growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Clinical trials have reported that MSCs therapy is generally safe and well tolerated. Some patients have experienced transient fever after infusion. No serious adverse effects directly related to therapy have been observed in most studies.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Benefits observed in clinical trials: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Improved liver function (increased albumin, reduced bilirubin) and reduced Child-Pugh score were reported.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Description of the therapeutic procedure:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Method of application: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">portal or intravenous infusion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cell preparation: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">autologous bone marrow MSCs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dosage: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1-2 million cells\/kg, applied in one or two sessions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shi, M., Li, Y. Y., Xu, R. N., Meng, F. P., Yu, S. J., Fu, J. L., &#8230; &amp; Chen, Y. (2021). Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in decompensated liver cirrhosis: A long-term follow-up analysis of the randomized controlled clinical trial. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hepatology International<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 15(6), 1431-1441. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-021-10199-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12072-021-10199-2<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cellcolabs.com\/clinical-research-overview\/liver-cirrhosis\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Cellcolabs.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wang, L., Li, J., Liu, H., Li, Y., Fu, X., &amp; Dong, L. (2023). Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in liver cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 14(1), 18. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-023-03518-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-023-03518-x<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/stemcellres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13287-023-03518-x?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> BioMed Central.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zhao, L., Chen, S., Yang, P., Cao, H., &amp; Li, L. (2019). The role of mesenchymal stem cells in the progression and treatment of liver fibrosis: Update and perspectives. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International Journal of Biological Sciences<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 15(12), 2509-2519<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.35473\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.35473.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs and tissues, including the skin, joints, kidneys and nervous system. It is characterized by the production of autoantibodies and systemic inflammation, resulting in progressive damage to the affected organs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Las MSCs have immunomodulatory properties that can regulate immune system activity, reduce inflammation and protect tissues from self-immune damage<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs derived from bone marrow or umbilical cord.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Cells are isolated, expanded in culture and administered by intravenous infusion in doses defined by the clinical protocol.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Doses variable; studies have used from 1 \u00d7 10\u2076 to 10 \u00d7 10\u2076 cells per kilogram of body weight, with single or multiple sessions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Caution in patients with active infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Adverse effects detected<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Studies report good tolerance, with minimal adverse effects such as mild transient fever.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sun, L., Wang, D., Liang, J., Zhang, H., Feng, X., Wang, H., &#8230; &amp; Wang, Z. (2010). Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in severe and refractory systemic lupus erythematosus. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 12(5), R210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ar3179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ar3179<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Crohn&#8217;s Disease (Perianal Fistulas)<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La Crohn&#8217;s disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, which can affect any segment of the digestive tract. In some cases, perianal fistulas develop, which are abnormal tunnels between the anal canal and the surrounding skin, causing pain, drainage and difficulty in healing<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Las MSCs have immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative properties, which may facilitate fistula healing and reduce local inflammation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs derived from adipose tissue or bone marrow.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Cells are processed, expanded in culture and injected directly into the fistulas under endoscopic guidance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Generally between 20 and 120 million cells are administered per session.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: No specific contraindications have been identified.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Adverse effects detected<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Studies report good tolerance; adverse effects include transient pain at the injection site.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pan\u00e9s, J., Garc\u00eda-Olmo, D., Van Assche, G., Colombel, J. F., Reinisch, W., Baumgart, D. C., &#8230; &amp; Danese, S. (2016). Expanded allogeneic allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Cx601) for complex perianal fistulas in Crohn&#8217;s disease: a phase 3 randomised, double-blind controlled trial. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Lancet, 388(10051), 1281-1290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31203-X<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) associated with COVID-19.<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El ARDS is a serious condition in which the lungs cannot provide enough oxygen to the body, often caused by severe infections, such as COVID-19. It is characterized by severe inflammation, fluid accumulation in the alveoli and respiratory failure<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Las MSCs have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and regenerative properties that can reduce lung inflammation, prevent further tissue damage and improve oxygenation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs derived from bone marrow or adipose tissue.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Cells are administered by intravenous infusion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Clinical trials have used single doses of 1-2 million cells per kilogram of body weight.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Caution in patients with uncontrolled active bacterial infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Adverse effects detected<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Preliminary studies report good tolerance, with few infusion-related adverse events.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lanzoni, G., Linetsky, E., Correa, D., Messinger Cayetano, S., Alvarez, R. A., Kouroupis, D., &#8230; &amp; Hare, J. M. (2021). Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: A double-blind, phase 1\/2a, randomized controlled trial. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stem Cells Translational Medicine<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 10(5), 660-673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sctm.20-0472.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Diabetic Nephropathy<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diabetic nephropathy is a progressive renal complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by damage to the glomeruli and a decrease in renal function, which can lead to end-stage renal disease.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs possess anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties that may help reduce renal inflammation, decrease fibrosis and improve podocyte function, thus contributing to slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue or umbilical cord.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Cells are isolated, expanded in culture and administered by intravenous infusion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies by study protocol; single or multiple doses of 1 to 2 million cells per kilogram of body weight have been administered in clinical trials.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Caution in patients with active infections or history of malignant neoplasms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Studies have reported that MSCs therapy is generally safe; however, more research is needed to determine possible long-term adverse effects.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Benefits observed in clinical trials: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In phase I and II studies, improvement in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and reduction in proteinuria levels were observed after treatment with MSCs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Description of the therapeutic procedure:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Method of application: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">intravenous infusion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cell preparation: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">autologous bone marrow or adipose tissue-derived MSCs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dosage: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1 million cells\/kg in 1-2 doses.<\/span><b><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Packham, D. K., Fraser, I. R., Kerr, P. G., Segal, K. R., Gilbert, R. E., &amp; Atkins, R. C. (2023). Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of the American Society of Nephrology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 34(10), 1619-1632. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2022121595\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2022121595<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/jasn\/fulltext\/2023\/10000\/safety_and_preliminary_efficacy_of_mesenchymal.14.aspx?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> journals.lww.com.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Premature Ovarian Failure<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Premature ovarian failure (POI) is defined as the loss of ovarian function before the age of 40, resulting in amenorrhea, elevated gonadotropin levels and decreased estrogen, which can lead to infertility and other associated health problems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs have the ability to secrete paracrine factors that can promote ovarian tissue regeneration, enhance angiogenesis and modulate the immune response, potentially contributing to the restoration of ovarian function.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue or umbilical cord.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Cells are administered by intravenous infusion or intraovarian injection, depending on the study protocol.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies according to the clinical trial; some investigations have used doses of 1 million cells per kilogram of body weight, administered in one or several sessions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of gynecologic cancer or active autoimmune diseases.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Adverse effects detected<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Preliminary clinical trials indicate that the therapy is well tolerated, with few adverse effects reported; however, further studies are needed to confirm its long-term safety and efficacy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Benefits observed in clinical trials: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In pilot trials, patients showed partial restoration of ovarian function and recovery of menstruation in 40% of cases.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Description of the therapeutic procedure:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Method of application: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">intraovarian injection via laparoscopy or intravenous infusion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cell preparation: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs from bone marrow or adipose tissue.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dosage: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1-5 million cells\/kg, according to protocol.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Herraiz, S., Romeu, M., Buigues, A., Mart\u00ednez, S., D\u00edaz-Garc\u00eda, C., &amp; Pellicer, A. (2018). Autologous Stem Cell Ovarian Transplantation to Increase Reproductive Potential in Patients Who Are Poor Responders: A Pilot Study. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fertility and Sterility<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 110(3), 496-505.e1. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.04.039\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.04.039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.04.039<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Neonatal Sepsis and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Premature Babies.<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neonatal sepsis is a systemic infection that occurs in newborns, especially those born prematurely, and can lead to serious complications such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease that affects neonates who have received prolonged mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties that may help control the dysregulated inflammatory response in sepsis and promote repair of damaged lung tissue in BPD.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: umbilical cord-derived MSCs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Cells are isolated from the umbilical cord, expanded in culture and administered to the neonate by intravenous infusion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: In clinical studies, doses of 1 to 2 million cells per kilogram of body weight have been administered.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Caution should be exercised in neonates with severe uncontrolled active infections or significant hemodynamic instability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Adverse effects detected<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Preliminary studies indicate that MSCs therapy is well tolerated in preterm infants, with few adverse effects reported. However, further research is required to confirm its long-term safety and efficacy.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bayramov, N. (2023). Cell therapy with autologous mesenchymal stem cells for premature baby with neonatal sepsis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Case report. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Journal of Biomedicine<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 11(1), 45-50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18081\/2333-5106\/2023.11\/45<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Postoperative and Posttraumatic Recovery<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Postoperative and post-traumatic recovery refers to the process of healing and restoration of function after significant surgery or injury. This process can be compromised by excessive inflammation, tissue damage and inadequate healing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Their ability to differentiate into various cell types and secrete growth factors may facilitate the repair of damaged tissues and improve functional recovery.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue or umbilical cord.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated, expanded in culture and administered to the patient by intravenous infusion or local injection at the site of injury, according to the study protocol.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies according to the clinical trial; in some studies, doses of 1 to 2 million cells per kilogram of body weight have been administered in one or several sessions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Caution in patients with active infections or history of malignant neoplasms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Studies have reported that therapy with MSCs is generally safe and well tolerated, although further research is needed to determine possible long-term adverse effects.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lalu, M. M., McIntyre, L., Pugliese, C., Fergusson, D., Winston, B. W., Marshall, J. C., &#8230; &amp; Stewart, D. J. (2012). Safety of cell therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (SafeCell): a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PLoS One<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 7(10), e47559<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0047559\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0047559.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Exposed Ulcers and Diabetic Foot<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exposed ulcers are open wounds that do not heal properly, leaving vulnerable internal tissues. Diabetic foot is a complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by foot ulcers due to peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease, which can lead to severe infections and amputations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs have proangiogenic, anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties that can improve chronic wound healing by promoting new blood vessel formation, reducing inflammation and stimulating tissue regeneration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue or umbilical cord.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated, expanded in culture and applied directly to the ulcer or administered by perilesional injection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: In clinical studies, doses ranging from 1 \u00d7 10\u2076 to 1 \u00d7 10\u2078 cells per application have been used, with repeated treatments depending on clinical response.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Caution in patients with active ulcer site infections or malignant neoplasms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Clinical trials have reported that MSCs therapy is generally safe and well tolerated; some patients may experience mild pain at the injection site.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Han, S. K., Kim, H. R., &amp; Kim, W. K. (2011). Treatment of diabetic foot ulcers using cultured allogeneic keratinocytes-a pilot study. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wound Repair and Regeneration<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 19(3), 342-348<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2011.00691.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2011.00691.x.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dash, N. R., Dash, S. N., Routray, P., Mohapatra, S., &amp; Mohapatra, P. C. (2009). Targeting nonhealing ulcers of lower extremity in human through autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rejuvenation Research<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 12(5), 359-366. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/rej.2009.0875\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/rej.2009.0875<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AMD is a degenerative eye disease that affects the macula, the central part of the retina, causing progressive loss of central vision. It is one of the main causes of blindness in people over 55 years of age.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs possess anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties that could help preserve the function of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells, slowing disease progression.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs derived from bone marrow or adipose tissue.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated, expanded in culture and administered by intravitreal or subretinal injection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies by study protocol; single or multiple doses have been used in clinical trials, with long-term follow-up to assess safety and efficacy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Caution in patients with a history of inflammatory eye diseases or active infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Some studies have reported complications, such as unwanted cell proliferation and worsening of vision, highlighting the need for caution in clinical application.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Eye Institute (2023). Clinical Trial Highlight: Stem Cell Transplants for Dry AMD. Retrieved from <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nei.nih.gov\/learn-about-eye-health\/eye-conditions-and-diseases\/age-related-macular-degeneration\/clinical-trial-highlight-stem-cell-transplants-dry-amd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.nei.nih.gov\/learn-about-eye-health\/eye-conditions-and-diseases\/age-related-macular-degeneration\/clinical-trial-highlight-stem-cell-transplants-dry-amd<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nei.nih.gov\/learn-about-eye-health\/eye-conditions-and-diseases\/age-related-macular-degeneration\/clinical-trial-highlight-stem-cell-transplants-dry-amd?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> National Eye Institute.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kuriyan, A. E., Albini, T. A., Townsend, J. H., Rodriguez, M., Pandya, H. K., Leonard, R. E., &#8230; &amp; Flynn Jr, H. W. (2017). Vision loss after intravitreal injection of autologous &#8220;stem cells&#8221; for AMD. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New England Journal of Medicine<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 376(11), 1047-1053. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1609583\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1609583<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1609583?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> New England Journal of Medicine.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Myopic Macular Degeneration<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Myopic macular degeneration is a complication of high myopia, characterized by degenerative changes in the macula leading to a significant decrease in visual acuity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs can promote tissue regeneration and improve microcirculation in the retina, which could be beneficial in treating macular lesions associated with pathologic myopia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: adipose tissue-derived MSCs.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nei.nih.gov\/learn-about-eye-health\/eye-conditions-and-diseases\/age-related-macular-degeneration\/clinical-trial-highlight-stem-cell-transplants-dry-amd?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Eye Institute+1heraldsun+1<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Management details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs sheets are developed and implanted in the subretinal space.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Posology<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Currently under investigation; clinical trials are evaluating the safety and efficacy of this approach.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Yet to be determined in clinical studies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Adverse effects detected<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: No significant adverse effects have been reported in preclinical studies; further research is required to confirm safety in humans.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Koh, S., Lee, S. C., Kim, H. S., &amp; Lee, J. (2023). Preclinical study of novel human allogeneic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell sheets for the treatment of myopic chorioretinal atrophy. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 14(1), 18.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Uveitis<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uveitis is an inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye that includes the iris, ciliary body and choroid. It can be autoimmune, infectious or idiopathic in origin, and manifests with symptoms such as eye pain, redness, photophobia and decreased visual acuity. If not properly treated, it can lead to serious complications such as cataracts, glaucoma or vision loss.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties that may be beneficial in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as uveitis. It has been shown that MSCs can induce proliferation of regulatory T lymphocytes and reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which contributes to the reduction of ocular inflammation.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs used in preclinical and clinical studies have been derived primarily from bone marrow and adipose tissue.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: In animal models, MSCs have been administered intravenously or by periocular injections. In clinical studies, intravenous administration of umbilical cord-derived MSCs has been explored in patients with refractory uveitis. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8569569\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PMC<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: In preclinical studies, doses of MSCs have varied according to the animal model and specific protocol. In clinical studies, doses of 1 million cells per kilogram of body weight have been administered, with follow-up to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the treatment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Although MSCs have shown a favorable safety profile in several studies, caution is advised in patients with a history of malignant neoplasms or active infections, due to theoretical concerns about promoting tumor growth or exacerbating infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Preclinical studies have indicated that MSCs therapy is generally safe and well tolerated in animal models of uveitis. However, in clinical studies, although limited, improvements in visual acuity and reduction in inflammation have been observed with no significant adverse effects reported.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zhao, P.-T., Zhang, L.-J., &amp; Zhang, X.-M. (2016). Therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells administered at later phase of recurrent experimental autoimmune uveitis. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International Journal of Ophthalmology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 9(10), 1416-1422. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18240\/ijo.2016.10.06\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18240\/ijo.2016.10.06<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5075650\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> PMC<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Tischfield, M., Williams, J., &amp; Jabs, D. A. (2021). Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells treatment for refractory uveitis. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International Journal of Ophthalmology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 14(10), 1525-1529<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18240\/ijo.2021.10.07\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18240\/ijo.2021.10.07.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Optic Nerve Atrophy<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optic nerve atrophy is a condition characterized by damage or degeneration of the optic nerve fibers, resulting in decreased visual acuity and can lead to blindness. Causes include glaucoma, ischemic optic neuropathy, trauma, and inflammatory or hereditary diseases.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs possess neuroprotective and regenerative properties that could be beneficial in the treatment of optic nerve atrophy. It has been proposed that MSCs can secrete neurotrophic factors that promote the survival and regeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons in the optic nerve.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs derived from bone marrow or adipose tissue.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated, expanded in culture and administered by intravitreal or retrobulbar injections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies by study protocol; single or multiple doses have been used in clinical trials, with long-term follow-up to assess safety and efficacy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Caution in patients with a history of inflammatory eye diseases or active infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Some studies have reported complications, such as unwanted cell proliferation and worsening of vision, highlighting the need for caution in clinical application.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evaluating the impact of mesenchymal stem cell therapy on visual acuity and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in optic neuropathy patients: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BMC Ophthalmology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 24(1), 316. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03588-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03588-2<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03588-2?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> BioMed Central<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stem cell treatment for optic nerve atrophy. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beike Biotechnology. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/beikecelltherapy.com\/treatments\/stem-cell-treatment-optic-nerve-atrophy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/beikecelltherapy.com\/treatments\/stem-cell-treatment-optic-nerve-atrophy\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/beikecelltherapy.com\/treatments\/stem-cell-treatment-optic-nerve-atrophy\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> stemcellcareindia.com+3Beike Cell Therapy+3Beike Cell Therapy+3<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Optic Nerve Hypoplasia<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optic nerve hypoplasia is a congenital anomaly in which the optic nerve is underdeveloped, which can result in reduced vision or blindness in the affected eye. It is a leading cause of visual impairment in children.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It has been proposed that MSCs could promote nerve fiber regeneration and growth, as well as improve visual function by secreting neurotrophic factors and modulating inflammatory responses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs derived from umbilical cord or bone marrow.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Management details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are administered by intravenous or intrathecal injections, depending on the treatment protocol.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Generally, multiple injections are performed over a given period; the specific dosage varies according to the clinical protocol.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of autoimmune disease or active infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Studies have reported that MSCs therapy is generally safe and well tolerated; however, further research is needed to determine possible long-term adverse effects.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stem cell treatment for septo-optic dysplasia (SOD). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beike Biotechnology. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/beikecelltherapy.com\/treatments\/stem-cell-treatment-for-septo-optic-dysplasia-sod\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/beikecelltherapy.com\/treatments\/stem-cell-treatment-for-septo-optic-dysplasia-sod\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/beikecelltherapy.com\/treatments\/stem-cell-treatment-for-septo-optic-dysplasia-sod\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Beike Cell Therapy+1Beike Cell Therapy+1<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optic nerve hypoplasia stem cell treatment. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Global Stem Cell Care. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalstemcellcare.com\/optic-nerve-hypoplasia-stem-cell-treatment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.globalstemcellcare.com\/optic-nerve-hypoplasia-stem-cell-treatment\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalstemcellcare.com\/optic-nerve-hypoplasia-stem-cell-treatment\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> globalstemcellcare.com.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Open Angle Glaucoma<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Open-angle glaucoma is a chronic, progressive eye disease characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) due to dysfunction in the aqueous humor drainage system, specifically in the trabecular meshwork. This increase in IOP can damage the optic nerve, causing a gradual loss of visual field and eventually blindness if not properly treated.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. In the context of open-angle glaucoma, it has been proposed that MSCs may:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Protect and regenerate retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs can secrete neurotrophic factors that promote RGC survival and regeneration, reducing their apoptosis and improving visual function.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Restore trabecular meshwork function<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs could differentiate into trabecular meshwork-like cells or induce repair of this tissue, improving aqueous humor drainage and reducing IOP.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue or umbilical cord.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated, expanded in culture and administered by intravitreal or subconjunctival injections, depending on the study protocol.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies by clinical trial; in some studies, single doses of approximately 1 million cells have been administered, with long-term follow-up to assess safety and efficacy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Caution in patients with a history of inflammatory eye diseases, active infections or ocular neoplasms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Some studies have reported adverse effects such as ocular inflammation, epiretinal membrane formation and, in rare cases, retinal detachment. However, most trials indicate that the therapy is generally well tolerated.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Satarian, L., Nourinia, R., Safi, S., Kanavi, M. R., Jarughi, N., Daftarian, N., &#8230; &amp; Baharvand, H. (2017). Intravitreal injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in patients with advanced glaucoma: a safety study. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Ophthalmic &amp; Vision Research<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 12(1), 58. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5323261\/. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5323261\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5323261\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Johnson, T. V., &amp; Martin, K. R. (2013). Cell transplantation approaches to retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection in glaucoma. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Current Opinion in Pharmacology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 13(1), 78-82<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3559541\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3559541\/.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manuguerra-Gagn\u00e9, R., Boulos, P. R., &amp; Ammar, A. (2013). Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells in the retina: a future in the treatment of optic neuropathies. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stem Cells International<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 2013<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3702320\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3702320\/. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3702320\/.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a cluster of neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by difficulties in social communication, repetitive behaviors and restricted interest patterns. The etiology of ASD is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors. Currently, there is no definitive cure, and interventions focus on behavioral and supportive therapies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ASD has been observed to be associated with immune dysfunctions, chronic inflammation and alterations in neuronal connectivity. MSCs possess immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, suggesting that they could correct immunological abnormalities and promote neuronal regeneration in individuals with ASD. Preclinical studies have shown that MSCs can induce synapse formation and improve synaptic function, which could translate into improvements in ASD symptoms.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs used in clinical studies for ASD have been derived primarily from umbilical cord tissue and bone marrow. Umbilical cord MSCs are preferred due to their higher proliferative capacity and lower immunogenicity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated, expanded in culture and administered intravenously. Some protocols have also explored intrathecal administration. Intravenous administration is less invasive and has been shown to be safe in clinical trials.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The dose and number of infusions vary depending on the study protocol. In some trials, between 1 and 6 infusions of MSCs have been administered, with doses ranging from 1 to 5 million cells per kilogram of body weight. The interval between infusions also varies, from weeks to months.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Although MSCs have shown a favorable safety profile, caution is advised in patients with a history of malignant neoplasms or active infections, due to theoretical concerns about promoting tumor growth or exacerbating infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Clinical trials have reported that MSCs therapy is generally safe and well tolerated in children with ASD. However, mild adverse effects have been observed in some cases, such as transient fever, irritability, and mild allergic reactions. No serious adverse effects directly related to therapy have been reported in the studies reviewed.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sun, J., Allison, J. P., &amp; Zhou, X. (2020). Infusion of human umbilical cord tissue mesenchymal stromal cells in children with autism spectrum disorder. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stem Cells Translational Medicine<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 9(10), 1137-1146. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sctm.19-0434\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sctm.19-0434<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/stemcellsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/sctm.19-0434?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Stem Cells Journals.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liu, Y., Zhang, R., Yan, K., &amp; Chen, F. (2022). Efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy in children with autism spectrum disorder: A 2-year follow-up study. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frontiers in Pediatrics<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 10, 897398. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.897398\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.897398<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/pediatrics\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2022.897398\/full?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Frontiers.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kabatas, S., Civelek, E., Savrunlu, E. C., Karaaslan, U., Y\u0131ld\u0131z, \u00d6., &amp; Kara\u00f6z, E. (2025). Advances in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder: Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Journal of Methodology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 15(1), 95857. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2222-0682\/full\/v15\/i1\/95857.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2222-0682\/full\/v15\/i1\/95857.htm WJGNet.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation in the joints, causing pain, swelling and eventual destruction of cartilage and bone. It can lead to joint deformities and significant functional disability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties that may be beneficial in the treatment of RA. It has been observed that MSCs can suppress aberrant immune responses and reduce inflammation without inducing generalized immunosuppression, making them potential candidates for modulating the autoimmune response in RA.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs used in clinical studies for RA have been derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated, expanded in culture and generally administered intravenously.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies by study protocol; in some trials, single doses of 1 to 2 million cells per kilogram of body weight have been administered, with long-term follow-up to assess safety and efficacy.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Although MSCs have shown a favorable safety profile, caution is advised in patients with a history of malignant neoplasms or active infections, due to theoretical concerns about promoting tumor growth or exacerbating infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Clinical trials have reported that MSCs therapy is generally safe and well tolerated in patients with RA. However, mild adverse effects have been observed in some cases, such as transient fever and injection site reactions.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wang, L., Huang, S., Li, X., Liu, Z., Hu, M., Wang, Y., &amp; Chen, H. (2020). Mesenchymal stem cells modulate immune responses in experimental arthritis and future perspectives for MSC-based therapy. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frontiers in Immunology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 11, 2036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02036.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bouffi, C., Bony, C., Courties, G., Jorgensen, C., &amp; No\u00ebl, D. (2010). IL-6-dependent PGE2 secretion by mesenchymal stem cells inhibits local inflammation in experimental arthritis. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PLoS One<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 5(12), e14247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0014247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0014247<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liu, Y., Mu, R., Wang, S., Long, L., Liu, X., &amp; Jiang, W. (2022). Efficacy and safety of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 13(1), 91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-022-02763-w. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-022-02763-w<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Angina Pectoris<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Angina pectoris is a symptom of coronary artery disease characterized by chest pain or discomfort due to reduced blood flow to the myocardium. It is usually triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress and is relieved by rest or administration of nitroglycerin. When angina is refractory, it means that it does not respond to conventional treatments, significantly limiting the patient&#8217;s quality of life.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs possess angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties that may be beneficial in the treatment of refractory angina pectoris. It has been proposed that MSCs may:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Promote angiogenesis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Stimulate the formation of new blood vessels, improving myocardial perfusion in ischemic areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Modulate inflammation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They reduce the chronic inflammatory response associated with coronary artery disease.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Regenerate tissues<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They favor the repair of damaged myocardial tissue through the secretion of paracrine factors that activate endogenous repair mechanisms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Management details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated from the patient&#8217;s own bone marrow, expanded in culture for 6-8 weeks and administered by direct intramyocardial injections into the ischemic areas of the heart.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: In clinical studies, doses of approximately 1 million cells per kilogram of body weight have been administered, with long-term follow-up to assess safety and efficacy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Patients with active malignancies, systemic infections or severe hematologic disease may not be suitable candidates for this therapy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Adverse effects detected<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Studies have reported that therapy with MSCs is generally safe and well tolerated. However, mild adverse effects such as transient fever and pain at the injection site have been observed .<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Haack-S\u00f8rensen, M., Friis, T., Mathiasen, A. B., J\u00f8rgensen, E., Hansen, L., Dickmeiss, E., Ekblond, A., &amp; Kastrup, J. (2013). Direct intramyocardial mesenchymal stromal cell injections in patients with severe refractory angina: one-year follow-up. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cell Transplantation<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 22(3), 521-528. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22472086\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22472086\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22472086\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> PubMed.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gao, L., Gregorich, Z. R., Zhu, W., Mattapally, S., Oduk, Y., Lou, X., Kannappan, R., Borovjagin, A. V., &amp; Zhang, J. (2018). Large cardiac-muscle patches engineered from human induced-pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiac cells improve recovery from myocardial infarction in swine. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature Biomedical Engineering<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 2(6), 399-408<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41419-020-2542-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41419-020-2542-9.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mazine, A., Rushani, D., &amp; Yau, T. M. (2021). Clinical mesenchymal stem cell therapy in ischemic cardiomyopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JTCVS Open<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 8, 142-154. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jtcvsopen.org\/article\/S2666-2736(21)00223-0\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.jtcvsopen.org\/article\/S2666-2736(21)00223-0\/fulltext<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jtcvsopen.org\/article\/S2666-2736%2821%2900223-0\/fulltext?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> JTCVS Open.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Severe Cardiopathies Derived from Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) occurs when a blockage in the coronary arteries prevents adequate blood flow to the heart muscle, causing tissue damage. This event can lead to serious heart disease, such as heart failure, due to the loss of functional myocardial tissue and the formation of scars that affect the contractile capacity of the heart.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and regenerative properties that make them promising candidates for the treatment of post-AMI heart disease. It has been proposed that MSCs can:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Promote angiogenesis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Stimulate the formation of new blood vessels, improving perfusion in ischemic areas of the myocardium.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Reduce inflammation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Modulate the post-AMI inflammatory response, reducing secondary tissue damage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Differentiate into cardiac cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Although this is an area under investigation, there is a possibility that MSCs may differentiate into cardiomyocytes, contributing to the regeneration of myocardial tissue.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Release paracrine factors<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They secrete cytokines and growth factors that promote cell survival and repair of damaged tissue.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs used in clinical studies for AMI have been derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated, expanded in culture and generally administered intracoronary or intramyocardially, depending on the study protocol.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies by clinical trial; some studies have administered single doses of approximately 1 to 2 million cells per kilogram of body weight, with long-term follow-up to assess safety and efficacy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Although MSCs have shown a favorable safety profile, caution is advised in patients with a history of malignant neoplasms, active infections or severe hematologic disorders.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Clinical trials have reported that therapy with MSCs is generally safe and well tolerated in post-AMI patients. However, mild adverse effects have been observed in some cases, such as transient fever and injection site reactions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Attar, A., Monabati, A., Montaseri, M., et al. (2022). Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells for prevention of acute myocardial infarction induced heart failure: study protocol of a phase III randomized clinical trial (Prevent-TAHA8). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trials<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 23, 632. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-022-06594-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-022-06594-1<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13063-022-06594-1?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> BioMed Central.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Haack-S\u00f8rensen, M., Friis, T., Mathiasen, A. B., et al. (2013). Direct intramyocardial mesenchymal stromal cell injections in patients with severe refractory angina: one-year follow-up. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cell Transplantation<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 22(3), 521-528<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3727\/096368912X653038\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3727\/096368912X653038.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lee, J. W., Lee, S. H., Youn, Y. J., et al. (2014). A randomized, open-label, multicenter trial for the safety and efficacy of adult mesenchymal stem cells after acute myocardial infarction. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Korean Medical Science<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 29(1), 23-31. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2014.29.1.23\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2014.29.1.23<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11145929\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> PMC.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mazine, A., Rushani, D., &amp; Yau, T. M. (2021). Clinical mesenchymal stem cell therapy in ischemic cardiomyopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JTCVS Open<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 8, 142-154<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xjon.2021.08.010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xjon.2021.08.010.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wang, X., Xi, W. C., &amp; Wang, F. (2014). The beneficial effects of intracoronary autologous autologous bone marrow stem cell transfer as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biotechnology Letters<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 36(11), 2163-2168. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10529-014-1590-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10529-014-1590-2<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2025\/1\/e60591?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> JRP &#8211; JMIR Research Protocols.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Pulmonary Fibrosis<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by scarring and stiffening of lung tissue, making breathing difficult and reducing blood oxygenation. The most common form is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), whose cause is unknown and has an unfavorable prognosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and regenerative properties that could be beneficial in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. It has been proposed that MSCs may:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Modulate the immune response<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They reduce chronic inflammation associated with pulmonary fibrosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Promote tissue repair<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Stimulate regeneration of the alveolar epithelium and decrease extracellular matrix deposition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Inhibit the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Prevent fibrosis progression by limiting scar tissue formation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs used in clinical studies for pulmonary fibrosis have been derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated, expanded in culture and generally administered intravenously.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies by clinical trial; some studies have administered single doses of approximately 1 to 2 million cells per kilogram of body weight, with long-term follow-up to assess safety and efficacy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Although MSCs have shown a favorable safety profile, caution is advised in patients with a history of malignant neoplasms, active infections or severe hematologic disorders.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Adverse effects detected<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Clinical trials have reported that MSCs therapy is generally safe and well tolerated in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. However, mild adverse effects have been observed in some cases, such as transient fever and injection site reactions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chambers, D. C., Enever, D., Ilic, N., et al. (2014). A phase 1b study of placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Respirology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 19(7), 1013-1018<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/resp.12323\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/resp.12323.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tzouvelekis, A., Paspaliaris, V., Koliakos, G., et al. (2013). A prospective, non-randomized, non-placebo-controlled, phase Ib clinical trial to study the safety of the adipose derived stromal cells-stromal vascular fraction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Translational Medicine<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 11, 171. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1479-5876-11-171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1479-5876-11-171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1479-5876-11-171<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Glassberg, M. K. (2017). Overview of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and evidence-based guidelines. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The American Journal of Managed Care<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 23(11 Suppl), S176-S182. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ajmc.com\/view\/overview-of-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis-and-evidence-based-guidelines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.ajmc.com\/view\/overview-of-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis-and-evidence-based-guidelines<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Retinitis Pigmentosa<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of genetic diseases that cause progressive degeneration of the retinal photoreceptors, mainly the rods and, in advanced stages, the cones. This results in a gradual loss of peripheral and night vision, eventually progressing to a decrease in central visual acuity and, in severe cases, blindness.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs possess neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties that could be beneficial in the treatment of RP. It has been proposed that MSCs may:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Secrete trophic factors<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They release neurotrophic factors that support the survival and function of the remaining photoreceptors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Modulate inflammation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They reduce chronic inflammation in the retina, which contributes to cell degeneration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Differentiate into retinal cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Although this is an area under investigation, there is a possibility that MSCs may differentiate into retinal-like cells, contributing to tissue regeneration.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs used in clinical studies for PR have been derived from autologous bone marrow and Wharton&#8217;s jelly from the umbilical cord.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated, expanded in culture and administered by intravitreal, subtenonian or suprachoroidal injections, depending on the study protocol.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies by clinical trial; some studies have administered single doses of 1 to 10 million cells, with long-term follow-up to assess safety and efficacy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Although MSCs have shown a favorable safety profile, caution is advised in patients with a history of neoplasms or active ocular infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Clinical trials have reported that MSCs therapy is generally safe and well tolerated in patients with RP. However, mild adverse effects have been observed in some cases, such as transient ocular inflammation and injection site edema.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tuekprakhon, A., et al. (2021). Intravitreal autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation: a non-randomized phase I clinical trial in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 12(1), 52. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33422139\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PubMed.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6zmert, E., &amp; Arslan, E. (2020). Management of retinitis pigmentosa by Wharton&#8217;s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells: preliminary clinical results. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 11(1), 25. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/stemcellres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13287-020-01870-w?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oxford Academic+2BioMed Central+2MDPI+2.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Park, S. S., et al. (2024). Early-stage trial finds stem cell therapy for retinitis pigmentosa is safe. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UC Davis Health News<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/health.ucdavis.edu\/news\/headlines\/early-stage-trial-finds-stem-cell-therapy-for-retinitis-pigmentosa-is-safe\/2024\/11?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UC Davis Health<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is an X-linked recessive genetic disease that affects approximately 1 in 3,500 live male births. It is characterized by the absence of dystrophin, a protein essential for the stability of the muscle fiber membrane. This deficiency leads to progressive degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscles, resulting in muscle weakness, loss of ambulatory capacity and, eventually, respiratory or cardiac failure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and regenerative properties that could be beneficial in the treatment of DMD. It has been proposed that MSCs may:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Fusion with muscle fibers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs have the ability to fuse with existing muscle fibers, potentially contributing to muscle regeneration and the expression of essential proteins such as dystrophin. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0008874909001725?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ScienceDirect<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Modulation of inflammation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They reduce chronic inflammation in muscle tissue, which may decrease muscle degeneration and promote regeneration. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0008874909001725?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ScienceDirect<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Secretion of trophic factors<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They release growth factors and cytokines that favor the survival and proliferation of muscle cells, as well as the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs used in clinical studies for DMD have been derived from Wharton&#8217;s jelly from umbilical cord, bone marrow and amniotic membrane.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated, expanded in culture and generally administered intravenously.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies by clinical trial; in some studies, single doses of 5.0\u00d710\u2075 cells\/kg to 2.5\u00d710\u2076 cells\/kg have been administered, with long-term follow-up to assess safety and efficacy. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thejcn.com\/DOIx.php?id=10.3988%2Fjcn.2024.0299&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JCN Journal of Clinical Neurology<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Although MSCs have shown a favorable safety profile, caution is advised in patients with a history of malignant neoplasms or active infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Clinical trials have reported that MSCs therapy is generally safe and well tolerated in patients with DMD. However, mild adverse effects have been observed in some cases, such as local injection site erythema, edema, parosmia, and headache. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thejcn.com\/DOIx.php?id=10.3988%2Fjcn.2024.0299&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JCN Journal of Clinical Neurology<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Okura, H., Matsuyama, A., Lee, C. M., et al. (2009). Treatment of myopathies with bone marrow stromal cell transplantation. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Translational Medicine<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 7, 68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1479-5876-7-68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1479-5876-7-68.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tedesco, F. S., Dellavalle, A., Diaz-Manera, J., et al. (2011). Repairing skeletal muscle: regenerative potential of skeletal muscle stem cells. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Clinical Investigation<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 120(1), 11-19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI40553.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kornegay, J. N., Bogan, J. R., Bogan, D. J., et al. (2012). Canine models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and their use in therapeutic strategies. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mammalian Genome<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 23(1-2), 85-108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00335-011-9365-8.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Choi, I. Y., Lim, H., Song, H. S., et al. (2021). Mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A long-term follow-up study. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stem Cells Translational Medicine<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 10(5), 766-779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sctm.20-0436.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nguyen, L., et al. (2023). Advances in stem cell therapies for muscular dystrophies. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 14, 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-023-03337-0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-023-03337-0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Osteopenia<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Osteopenia is a condition characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density that does not meet the diagnostic threshold for osteoporosis. People with osteopenia have an increased risk of developing osteoporosis and bone fractures in the future.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs possess osteogenic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that could be beneficial in the treatment of osteopenia. It has been proposed that MSCs may:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Promote bone formation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Differentiate into osteoblasts, the cells responsible for bone formation, contributing to increased bone mineral density.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Inhibit bone resorption<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Modulate osteoclast activity, reducing bone tissue degradation. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7791182\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PMC<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Regulating the bone microenvironment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Secrete paracrine factors that favor bone tissue homeostasis and improve the balance between bone formation and resorption.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs used in preclinical studies for osteopenia have been derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated, expanded in culture and generally administered intravenously or by local injections into the affected bone tissue, depending on the study protocol.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies by clinical trial; some preclinical studies have administered single or multiple doses of MSCs, with long-term follow-up to assess safety and efficacy.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Although MSCs have shown a favorable safety profile in preclinical studies, caution is advised in patients with a history of malignant neoplasms or active infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Preclinical studies have reported that MSCs therapy is generally safe and well tolerated in animal models of osteopenia. However, further human clinical studies are required to determine possible adverse effects.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You, H. J., &amp; Baddour, J. A. (2023). Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoporosis: Current Research and Future Directions. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stem Cells and Development<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 32(1), 8-20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/scd.2022.0167<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hematti, P., &amp; Keating, A. (2021). Mesenchymal stromal cells in regenerative medicine: A perspective. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cell Stem Cell<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 29(1), 20-30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stem.2021.10.006<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jung, Y., Kim, I., Park, S., &amp; Choi, Y. (2022). Preclinical and Clinical Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteopenia: Advances and Challenges. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bone Research<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 10(1), 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41413-022-00185-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41413-022-00185-9<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stolzing, A., Scutt, A., &amp; Coleman, N. (2022). Mesenchymal stem cells for bone repair and regeneration: From preclinical studies to clinical trials. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Bone and Mineral Research<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 37(6), 1092-1101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.4472.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lee, S. H., Kim, K. H., Cho, J. Y., &amp; Lee, Y. (2021). Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Osteopenia: A Review of the Current Status. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International Journal of Molecular Sciences<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 22(20), 10945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222010945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222010945<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Osteoporosis<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density and deterioration of bone tissue microarchitecture, leading to an increase in bone fragility and, consequently, an increased risk of fractures. It is more prevalent in postmenopausal women and older adults.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs possess osteogenic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that could be beneficial in the treatment of osteoporosis. It has been proposed that MSCs may:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Promote bone formation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, the cells responsible for bone formation, contributing to increased bone mineral density.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Inhibit bone resorption<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They can modulate osteoclast activity, reducing bone tissue degradation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Regulating the bone microenvironment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: they secrete paracrine factors that favor bone tissue homeostasis and improve the balance between bone formation and resorption.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs used in preclinical and clinical studies for osteoporosis have been derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated, expanded in culture and generally administered intravenously or by local injections into the affected bone tissue, depending on the study protocol.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies by clinical trial; some preclinical studies have administered single or multiple doses of MSCs, with long-term follow-up to assess safety and efficacy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Although MSCs have shown a favorable safety profile in preclinical studies, caution is advised in patients with a history of malignant neoplasms or active infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Preclinical studies have reported that MSCs therapy is generally safe and well tolerated in animal models of osteoporosis. However, further human clinical studies are required to determine possible adverse effects.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zhao, P., Xiao, L., Peng, J., Qian, Y. Q., &amp; Huang, C. C. (2018). Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improve osteoporosis through promoting osteoblast proliferation via MAPK pathway. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 22(12), 3962-3970. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/eurrev_201806_15280\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/eurrev_201806_15280<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8686520\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> PMC<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You, H. J., &amp; Baddour, J. A. (2023). Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoporosis: Current Research and Future Directions. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stem Cells and Development<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 32(1), 8-20. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/scd.2022.0167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/scd.2022.0167<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wang, K. X., Xu, L. L., Rui, Y. F., Huang, S., Lin, S. E., Xiong, J. H., et al. (2015). The effects of secretion factors from umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PLoS ONE<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 10(3), e0120593. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0120593\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0120593.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8686520\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> PMC<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hematti, P., &amp; Keating, A. (2021). Mesenchymal stromal cells in regenerative medicine: A perspective. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cell Stem Cell<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 29(1), 20-30. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stem.2021.10.006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stem.2021.10.006<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jung, Y., Kim, I., Park, S., &amp; Choi, Y. (2022). Preclinical and Clinical Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteopenia: Advances and Challenges. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bone Research<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 10(1), 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41413-022-00185-9. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41413-022-00185-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41413-022-00185-9<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Pain Treatment<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chronic pain is a medical condition that persists beyond the normal healing time, usually more than 3 to 6 months. It can originate from a variety of causes, including degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis, nerve injuries, musculoskeletal disorders and other pathologies. Effective management of chronic pain is complex and often requires a multidisciplinary approach.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and regenerative properties that could be beneficial in the treatment of chronic pain. It has been proposed that MSCs may:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Modulate the inflammatory response<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They reduce inflammation in affected tissues, which may reduce sensitization and pain perception.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Promote tissue regeneration<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They facilitate the repair of damaged tissues, addressing the underlying causes of pain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Interact with the nervous system<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They influence the activity of neurons and glial cells, modulating the transmission and perception of pain.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs used in clinical studies for the treatment of pain have been derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated, expanded in culture and administered by local injections in the affected area or intravenously, depending on the type and location of the pain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies by clinical trial; in some studies, single or multiple doses have been administered, with long-term follow-up to assess safety and efficacy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Although MSCs have shown a favorable safety profile in clinical studies, caution is advised in patients with a history of malignant neoplasms or active infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Clinical trials have reported that MSC therapy is generally safe and well tolerated in patients with chronic pain. However, further studies are required to identify possible long-term adverse effects.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optimization strategies for mesenchymal stem cell-based analgesia: Mechanisms and delivery strategies. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 15, 62 (2024). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/stemcellres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13287-024-03828-8?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BioMed Central<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evaluating the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of low back pain. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mayo Clinic News Network <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2022). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/medical-professionals\/physical-medicine-rehabilitation\/news\/evaluating-the-safety-and-efficacy-of-mesenchymal-stem-cells-in-the-treatment-of-low-back-pain\/mac-20543434?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mayo Clinic<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mesenchymal Stem Cells Use in the Treatment of Tendon Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 44(5), 367-378 (2020). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-arm.org\/journal\/view.php?number=4227&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E-Arm<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Allogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapy for chronic discogenic lumbar back pain: a randomized controlled trial. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 83(11), 1572-1580 (2024). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ard.bmj.com\/content\/83\/11\/1572?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BMJ Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CellKine clinical trial: first report from a phase 1 trial of intra-articular allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for lumbar facet joint arthropathy. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PAIN Reports<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 9(1), e1138 (2024). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/painrpts\/fulltext\/2024\/10000\/cellkine_clinical_trial__first_report_from_a_phase.13.aspx?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lippincott<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Fibromyalgia<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive problems. Although its etiology is not fully understood, it is believed to involve abnormal amplification of pain signals in the central nervous system.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and regenerative properties that could be beneficial in the treatment of fibromyalgia. It has been proposed that MSCs may:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Modulate the immune response<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They regulate the activity of the immune system, which may help reduce systemic inflammation associated with fibromyalgia.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Promote tissue regeneration<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They facilitate the repair of damaged tissues, which may alleviate musculoskeletal pain. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cells4life.com\/2024\/05\/promise-of-stem-cells-in-treating-fibromyalgia\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cells4Life<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Influence pain perception<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They interact with the nervous system, potentially altering pain perception and improving fibromyalgia-related symptoms. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/stemwell.co\/stem-cell-treatment\/fibromyalgia\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stemwell<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs used in clinical studies for fibromyalgia have been derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated, expanded in culture and generally administered intravenously or by local injections, depending on the study protocol.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies by clinical trial; in some studies, single or multiple doses have been administered, with long-term follow-up to assess safety and efficacy.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Although MSCs have shown a favorable safety profile in clinical studies, caution is advised in patients with a history of malignant neoplasms or active infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Clinical trials have reported that MSCs therapy is generally safe and well tolerated in patients with fibromyalgia. However, further studies are required to identify possible long-term adverse effects.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Citerio, G., Gruenbaum, S. E., &amp; Biondi, A. (2020). Mesenchymal stem cells in the management of chronic pain. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Pain Research, 13, 1495-1506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JPR.S253845<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Pas, H. H., &amp; de Jonge, M. J. (2022). The anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells in patients with fibromyalgia: A systematic review. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pain Medicine, 23(5), 975-983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnab354.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Bruder, S. P., Kurth, A. E., Shea, M., Hayes, W. C., Jaiswal, N., &amp; Kadiyala, S. (2019). The osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: A role in pain management? <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 81(12), 1721-1734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-201912000-00004<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Sharma, S., &amp; Balani, N. (2021). Exploring mesenchymal stem cell therapy as a treatment for fibromyalgia. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy, 12(1), 67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-021-02209-x. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-021-02209-x.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Wu, Y., Jiang, C., Wang, Z., Zhang, L., &amp; Wang, L. (2020). Autologous mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of fibromyalgia: A prospective randomized study. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pain Physician, 23(4), 345-352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36076\/ppj.2020\/23\/345.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b> Erectile Dysfunction<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brief description of the condition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the persistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity. It can be caused by vascular, neurological, hormonal or psychological factors, and significantly affects the quality of life of men who suffer from it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical justification for the use of the cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MSCs possess regenerative, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic properties that could be beneficial in the treatment of ED. It has been proposed that MSCs may:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Regenerate damaged tissues<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Differentiate into endothelial and smooth muscle cells, contributing to the repair of affected penile tissues.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Promote angiogenesis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Stimulate the formation of new blood vessels, improving penile blood flow essential for a proper erection.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Modulate the inflammatory response<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Reduce chronic inflammation that may contribute to erectile dysfunction.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specifications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cell origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs used in clinical studies for ED have been derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Handling details for the procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: MSCs are isolated, expanded in culture and administered by intracavernous injections into the erectile tissue of the penis.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dosage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Varies by clinical trial; in some studies, single or multiple doses have been administered, with long-term follow-up to assess safety and efficacy.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Contraindications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Although MSCs have shown a favorable safety profile in clinical studies, caution is advised in patients with a history of malignant neoplasms or active infections.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Detected adverse effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Clinical trials have reported that MSCs therapy is generally safe and well tolerated in patients with ED. However, further studies are required to identify possible long-term adverse effects. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1465324921006915?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ScienceDirect<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bibliographic references<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>He, Y., Chen, Y., Li, J., et al. (2022). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation ameliorates erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 26(5), 1325-1334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcmm.17226.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Zhao, W., Xu, Y., Wang, J., et al. (2023). Intracavernosal injection of adipose-derived stem cells restores erectile function in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy, 14(1), 85. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-023-03375-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-023-03375-8<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Liu, G., Li, Y., Hu, Y., et al. (2021). Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve erectile dysfunction in rats with cavernous nerve injury. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stem Cells Translational Medicine, 10(12), 1657-1666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sctm.21-0129.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Hu, L., et al. (2020). Autologous stem cell therapy for erectile dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Andrology, 8(4), 1100-1109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12761.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, 'Noto Sans', sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji';\">Matz, E. L., Terlecki, R. P., &amp; Brant, W. O. (2019). Stem cell therapy for erectile dysfunction: A review of recent developments. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sexual Medicine Reviews, 7(1), 132-143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sxmr.2018.07.001.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The new frontier and medical innovation in recovery and health. The Future of Stem Cell Treatments for various human ailments. &nbsp; Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Brief description of the condition: AMI is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle. Technical justification [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1717,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1713","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/surgerycare-recoverygdl.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1713","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/surgerycare-recoverygdl.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/surgerycare-recoverygdl.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/surgerycare-recoverygdl.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/surgerycare-recoverygdl.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1713"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/surgerycare-recoverygdl.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1878,"href":"https:\/\/surgerycare-recoverygdl.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1713\/revisions\/1878"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/surgerycare-recoverygdl.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/surgerycare-recoverygdl.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1713"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/surgerycare-recoverygdl.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1713"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/surgerycare-recoverygdl.com.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}